For the next four hours the Cornfield was the center of a storm of lead, iron, and flame as Federal soldiers from the First and Twelfth Corps clashed with Lee's men. Reaching the fence, the 6th Georgia had restored the Souths hold on the vital Cornfield only to find itself in a dire position. Lee directed Lt. Gen. James Longstreets three divisions to cross South Mountain, a ridgeline running north to south along the eastern edge of the Cumberland Valley, and proceed to Boonsboro, about halfway to Hagerstown. By mid-summer 1862, President Abraham Lincoln had the Emancipation Proclamationa document declaring freedom for all slaves in the so-called rebellious statesready to go. About noon on the 16th, Jackson rode up to find Lee and Longstreet observing the Union troops across the creek. The division commander, John R. Jones, had been wounded by shrapnel earlier, and Brig. Dawes remembered: As we appeared at the edge of the cornfield, a long line of men in butternut and gray rose up from the ground. He was convinced that the bulk of Jacksons command, marching hard from Harpers Ferry, would reach the battlefield and swell his ranks to 50,000 men to confront McClellans force of 80,000. Central Intelligence Agency.The Battle of Antietam: A Turning Point in the Civil War. Part of Trimble's Brigade, the 12 th Georgia held part of Jackson's line in front of the Dunker Church during the morning Union attacks at Antietam. The Battle of Antietam in September 1862 turned back the first major Confederate invasion of the North in the Civil War. McClellan sends Maj. Gen. Fitz John Porter to mount a cautious pursuit, which is repulsed at the Battle of Shepherdstown. It is necessary for you to abandon your position tonight. In less than fifteen we were sending and receiving death missiles by the bushel. Hoods men drove north, forcing the First Corps back across the Cornfield. (Part Two): The Complicated Story of Virginias General John R.Jones, Amidst a firestorm of Confederate shells, just as his brigade was heading into the hell of Antietams Cornfield, Colonel William Christian suddenly muttered Ive always had a great fear of shelling. And with that, he simply vanished By David A. Welker William Henry Christian was born on April 9th 1825 in Utica, New York. Jackson included the caveat that Hood be ready to move at a moments notice if called upon. List Price: $51.99. To save his army from impending destruction, Lee decided to terminate the siege of Harpers Ferry and prepare for a general retirement across the Potomac to the safety of Virginia. Same location Antietam National Battlefield--Cornfield Trail, Washington County, Maryland, US Same area and date Another location near Antietam National Battlefield--Cornfield Trail, Washington County, Maryland, US on Sat Apr 15, 2023 Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. These Alabama, Georgia, and North Carolina troops stood fast and poured such deadly fire into the Pennsylvanians that they fell back to the cover of the trees. I supposed that we had everything in our own hands, he thought. It is a document of interest and is also thought genuine., When McClellan received the communication from Williams, he abruptly ended a conference with a delegation of citizens from Frederick. You are firing at our own men! he shouted. After he failed to attack Lees depleted troops as they fled Sharpsburg on September 18, he wrote to his wife, Ellen, that, ''those in whose judgment I rely tell me that I fought the battle splendidly & that it was a masterpiece of art.'' Perhaps the reality of the battle was best described by Union soldier Charles Goddard in a letter to his mother: If the horrors of war cannot be seen on this battlefield, they cant be seen any where.. Why did Lincoln lose faith in George McClellans command after Antietam? President Abraham Lincoln, still mourning the death of his 11-year-old son, Willie, earlier that year, sought desperately to find a general who could reverse the growing belief that Confederate arms, under the able leadership of General Robert E. Lee, were invincible. . Strategically, Lees decision to invade the North made sense. Artillery blasted Hoods Texans with double loads of canister, Gibbon moved in to personally direct the fire. Despite having no prior experience and receiving no payment for her services, she bravely drove her cart of medical supplies into the fray at many battles, including Antietam. For more than three hours, fewer than 500 Confederate soldiers held Lower Bridge against multiple assaults by Union General Ambrose Burnsides Ninth Corps. He recorded the hand-hewn grave markers and headstones bearing names of a few of the fallen, created in Antietam's immediate aftermath by friends and brothers. Theyd remained on the sidelines so far, but as they endured cotton shortages and the south seemed to gain the upper hand, they considered legitimizing the Confederacy, a move with potentially drastic implications. In a superb organizational effort lasting just four days, he completed the assimilation of units from the former Army of Virginia into the Army of the Potomac. Excellent summaries of the individual skirmishes and the overall battle. Starkes Louisiana men took up positions along a rail fence on the east side of the Hagerstown Turnpike. The divisions became separated, and Sedgwick pressed forward with 5,000 men through the northern edge of the West Woods, coming under heavy attack from elements of three Confederate divisions and Pelhams horse artillery on Nicodemus Hill. As Jacksons line wavered under unrelenting Union pressure, two brigades of his old division, 1,150 strong, rolled out of the West Woods. Take a virtual tour of Antietam Battlefield by clicking on the links for the battlefield tour stops below. The Tigers also clashed with Ricketts brigade, under Colonel Richard Coulter, who had replaced the wounded Hartsuff, as the Federals rushed through the shattered cornfield. Gen. Abram Duryeas 1st Brigade, stepped off to Gibbons left. Meanwhile, Lee was becoming anxious. It pitted Confederate General Robert E. Lees Army of Northern Virginia against Union General George McClellans Army of the Potomac and was the culmination of Lees attempt to invade the north. The fighting in the southwest corner of the cornfield became desperate. Nearing the end of 2018, well be bombarded by the annual parade of top ten lists counting down everything from the years news events to songs and online fads. It conjures up visions of harrowing bloodshed and the tragedy of fratricidal combat Yet, for over 150 years, the story of this struggle has been difficult to track the sway of battle back and forth over Continue reading Descending Into The Bloody Cornfield With Civil War Historian, David A. Welker: PreserveCast Episode No. While Douglass and Walker held on, Colonel Harry T. Hays hard-fighting Louisiana brigade, nicknamed the Louisiana Tigers, moved forward. Fearful that the brigade was about to be flanked, he raised the alarm prematurely. Lost Order, Lost Cause. A most ragged lean and hungry set of wolves.. At the sound of guns to their right, Mansfields 7,200-strong XII Corps, half of whom had never fired a shot in anger, set out at a leisurely pace, often allowed to break ranks and boil coffee. Badly needed supplies are brought in by nurse Clara Barton, known as the Angel of the Battlefield. During the night, both armies tend their wounded and consolidate their lines. Still, it endorsed the idea that the war wasnt just about states rights but also stopping slavery. Typically, he waited until the morning of September 14 to get moving. Artillery to dislodge the Rebels to his front. As for Gibbon's brigade, the 2nd and 6th Wisconsin regiments led the brigade with the 19th Indiana and 7th Wisconsin regiments in close support, with Battery B split to support both wings of the brigade. Reinforcements from Longstreet tried to stem the tide but were driven back. As Brig. Gen. Wade Hamptons South Carolina Legion under the command of Colonel William T. Wofford, and a second brigade under Colonel Evander M. Law that consisted of the 4th Alabama, 2nd and 11th Mississippi, and the 6th North Carolina regiments. Hood, however, was unable to consolidate his gains. Within the hour Ezra would be troubled by a much greater lossand discover the ultimate irony of Antietam's bloody Cornfield. Stuarts cavalry was to remain east of South Mountain, screening the movements from the enemy. Free shipping for many products! 12. Lee prodded Jackson and McLaws to wrap up their work at Harpers Ferry. McRae remembered: The most unutterable stampede occurred. Lee had heard nothing from Stonewall and was startled to receive word a short time later that Harpers Ferry was expected to fall the next day. The Union troops were thrown back as Wofford rolled into the western portion of the cornfield and Law struck to the east. By 9:30 a.m. thousands of them lay dead and dying. Lee detailed his complex plan in Special Orders No. Meanwhile, Lee counted on McClellans lack of aggressiveness. Lt. Col. Robert Andersons 3rd Brigade, four regiments of Pennsylvania Reserves, crouched low behind a rail fence at the northern end of the cornfield and waited. Swinging widely to the west, Jackson was to scoop up the enemy garrison at Martinsburg and move on to Harpers Ferry. McClellan had given him the option to push on to relieve the trapped garrison at the arsenal, but McLaws hastily put together a defensive line that gave Franklin pause. ", "Through a shower of bullets and shells, it was only the thoughts of home that brought me from that place." Their company commander, Captain Kop, was killed. To take it, Hookers divisions would advance along the turnpike between the East and West Woods, through the pastures of the Miller farm, and across the cornfield at the turnpikes eastern edge. We know no enemies among you, and will protect all of every opinion. By the 7th, the army was completely across the Potomac and camped in the vicinity of Frederick. The situation was not as promising as Hooker had hoped. There are more than 22,000 casualties at the Battle of Antietam. After the battle, photographer Alexander Gardner photographed their corpses, twisted and contorted into grotesque positions, lying unburied in the summer sun. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. Our database is searchable by subject and updated continuously. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History.The Battle of Antietam. Click here to open PreserveCast Few names are as synonymous with Civil War battlefields as The Bloody Cornfield. The Battle of Antietam, also called the Battle of Sharpsburg, occurred on September 17, 1862, at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland. Civil War Trust.The Peninsula Campaign. Antietam, the deadliest one-day battle in American military history, showed that the Union could stand against the Confederate army in the Eastern theater. This is that story, Viewers of the 1989 film Glory know it tells the story of the 54th Massachusetts African American regiment and its commander, Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, who share a fate at the 1863 assault on Fort Wagner. Lee invaded Maryland in September 1862 with a full agenda. Lincoln has been waiting for a military success to issue his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. This is that story . What happened next was pivotal: On September 13, two Union soldiers, Private Barton W. Mitchell and Sergeant John M. Bloss, discovered a copy of Special Order 191 with detailed Confederate troop movements, allegedly wrapped around three cigars. From his headquarters at Chantilly, Virginia, Lee wrote to Confederate President Jefferson Davis of his intent to carry the war to Northern soil. . Gen. Jubal Earlys brigade left Pelhams horse artillery on Nicodemus Hill to join the fray. 6731 Whittier Avenue, Suite C-100 McLean, VA 22101, Stay up to date with all of our latest news, Three brigades from Hills division supported Hoods defenders, and Brig. The remainder of the Army of Northern Virginia, divided into three separate commands, would converge on Harpers Ferry and compel the garrison to surrender. Lee had no illusions of holding the gaps for an extended period, but any delay in the Union advance might allow the Army of Northern Virginia to escape destruction. And keeping Confederates in their southern box enabled President Lincoln to finally release his Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862. The Cornfield Antietam's Bloody Turning Point.m4b 748.6 MB; The Cornfield Antietam's Bloody Turning Point.jpg 51.6 kB; The Cornfield Antietam's Bloody Turning Point.cue 1.3 kB; The Cornfield Antietam's Bloody Turning Point.nfo 1.2 kB; : 713.95MB : 2022-12-18 : 19. While Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia were indeed triumphant, the Confederate commander realized all too well that his gains were temporary; he needed to undertake a bold stroke while the opportunity still presented itself. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Troops from both sides faced-off across a 30-acre cornfield owned by David Miller. (Today its called Burnside Bridge.) [if] we can sit still long enough. Hoods men threw down half-eaten biscuits and stuffed bacon into their mouths as they rushed to fill the gap. The Cornfield: Antietam's Bloody Turning Point tells for the first time the full story of the exciting struggle to control "the Cornfield," the action on which the costly battle of Antietam turned, in a thorough yet readable narrative. In August of 2021, the Park Service rerouted the Cornfield Trail to include more of East Woods and . Hooker sees thousands of his Federals felled in the corn rows, where, every stalk of corn in the northern and greater part of the field was cut as closely as could have been done with a knife, and the slain lay in rows precisely as they had stood in their ranks a few moments before. Despite the great Union numerical advantage, Lt. Gen. Stonewall Jacksons Confederate forces hold their ground near the Dunker Church. At that moment it must have entered the minds of the men of the 1st Texas that it might just be possible to break the Yankees hold on this spot, if only they could reach it in time By David A. Welker The Continue reading The 1st Texas Infantry in the Cornfield: Slipping theBridle, You may have heard the story of Werner Von Bachelle and his beloved dog, who shared their lives and met their respective fates in Antietams Cornfield. Alfred Colquitt and Robert Rodes fought desperately to hold the pass. Clarissa Clara Harlowe Barton was a former teacher and patent clerk who became a nurse on the front lines during the Civil War. General Robert E. Lee committed his entire force to the battle, while Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan sent in less than three quarters of his. (1) At daybreak, Gen. Joseph Hookers First Corps, approximately 8,000 men, advanced south through the Cornfield where, the hostile battle lines opened a tremendous fire upon each other. Initially knocked back, Hookers men regrouped and began to push Gen. Stonewall Jacksons men back as the casualties on both sides quickly escalated. Brig. The List Price is the suggested retail price of a new product as provided by a manufacturer, supplier, or seller. Just twelve hours of intense and often close-range fighting with muskets and cannons had resulted in around 23,000 casualties, including an estimated 3,650 dead. Over Longstreets objections, Lee deployed 18,000 men, 14 infantry and three cavalry brigades in a four-mile line across the woods and fields at the northern end of the ridge, down to the bluffs of Antietam Creek, where the southernmost of three stone bridges spanned its waters. Some of these regiments attacked all the way to the northern edge of the Cornfield, where they were crushed by the arrival of the Union Twelfth Corps. West Woods 6. Only darkness halted the Union advance. General Robert E. Lee also recognized dissent among Lincolns ranks and hoped a battle victory on Union land might topple Lincolns congressional support and help secure the Confederacy once and for all. A short video presentation on Tour Stop 4, The Cornfield. Six generals were killed or mortally wounded, three from the Union army and three Confederates. It pitted Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of. East Woods 4. The Iron Brigade headed down the turnpike and into the northwest corner of the cornfield, while Duryea struck toward the East Woods and the cornfields southern edge. Just eight hours in, there were over 15,000 casualties. Instead, McClellans half-hearted approach allowed Lee to hold ground by shifting forces from threat to threat. XII Corps had lost a quarter of its men during the rush across the cornfield toward the Dunker Church. Adding insult to injury, Confederate cavalry under Maj. Gen. J.E.B. As he read, McClellan waved his arms and shouted, Now I know what to do! Later that day, McClellan visited with his old friend, Brig. On the Confederate left, two brigades under Brig. On the diplomatic front, the Confederate cause was ripe for recognition by European powers, particularly Great Britain and France. Gen. John Gibbon, commander of the 4th Brigade, I Corps. Kop sent the order farther up the chain to Colonel Silas Colgrove, the commander of the 27th Indiana, who went directly to XII Corps headquarters, where Brig. The Cornfield 5. Nine Union batteries on the ridge behind the Poffenberger farm replied. Monday marks the 150th . Mitchell took the document to Sergeant John M. Bloss, and the two took it to Captain Peter Kop, their company commander. Lee, hopelessly outnumbered, still intended to make a stand in Maryland. Jefferson County, WV|Sep 12-15, 1862, Frederick County and Washington County, MD|Sep 14, 1862, Washington County, MD|Sep 16-18, 1862, Town of Shepherdstown, WV|Sep 19-20, 1862, Washington County, MD | September 17, 1862. The Battle of Antietam has the regrettable distinction of being the bloodiest one-day battle in American history. The Army of the Potomac began to concentrate that night, but during the following day McClellan declined to make a decisive move. Stop the Largest Rezoning in Orange County History, Nineteenth-Century Geolocation: The Elliott Map of Antietam, Antietam: Federal Flank Attack at Dunker Church, Lessons From the Fallen: Depictions of the Dead of Antietam, Antietam | Burnside's Bridge | Sep 17, 1862. By 5:30 am, the morning fog had burned off enough for the Confederate horse artillery under Major John Pelham to fire at the Union vanguard from Nicodemus Hill. Meanwhile, towards the center of the battlefield, Union assaults against the Sunken Road pierce the Confederate center after a terrible struggle for this key defensive position. Halt, 102nd, he ordered. An hour before dawn, Hooker rode from the Poffenberger farm to his picket line beyond the edge of the North Woods. Hill forced Cox back to Foxs Gap with a gritty, tooth-and-nail defense that included arming cooks, clerks, and teamsters. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. Many regiments on both sides were cut to pieces. It was obvious to the Union veterans that the area had recently served as a Rebel bivouac. East of the turnpike lay the prosperous farm of David R. Miller, including the house, outbuildings, orchard, and a 24-acre field of ripening corn, grown taller than a mans head and nearly ready for harvest. It explains what happened in Antietam's Cornfield and why. One Union officer saw an arm go 30 feet in the air and fall back again. The fighting was desperate as the Confederate tide surged forward. McRaes North Carolina troops advanced into the East Woods. Here is a paper, McClellan chirped, with which if I cannot whip Bobbie Lee, I will be willing to go home.. (2) At 7:00 a.m., Gen. John Bell Hoods Confederate Division of approximately 2,000 men was waiting behind the Dunker Church. Gen. John Walkers division was to recross the Potomac and capture Loudoun Heights on the Virginia side of Harpers Ferry. John Cook swung his bugle over his shoulder and wrested from the dead man his leather pouch, bearing the undelivered shell without which the cannon was useless. "Battle of Antietam: Carnage in a Cornfield", "cwla - Antietam Modern Image Gallery 11 Frame", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miller%27s_Cornfield&oldid=1139340604, Battlefields of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Antietam | Cornfield | Sep 17, 1862 | 8:00 - 8:30 am (November 2021) [PDF] 580.63 KB Preserve 128 sacred acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown We can add 6 additional acres to the 130-year-old Antietam Battlefield site and preserve 122 acres of nearly-pristine land at Shepherdstown all part. The Civil War was in the midst of its second costly year, and the Union armies had yet to win a significant victory in the eastern theater. Nine regimental color bearers were killed, and in less than half an hour the 1st Texas lost 186 dead and wounded, more than 82 percent of its strength, the highest casualty rate of any regiment on either side during the entire war. An up-close look at the people, places and turning points of the American Civil War. Lower Bridge (Burnside Bridge) 10. He retrieved an envelope that contained three cigars wrapped around the copy of Special Orders No. Late on the afternoon of the 16th, Hooker crossed Antietam Creek intending to position more than 8,000 Union troops to launch the attack the following morning. Gen. William French and Maj. Gen. John Sedgwick, crossed Antietam Creek to support Mansfield. Moving due east, Brig. National Park Service.The Maryland Campaign of 1862. Its authenticity was confirmed when Pittman noted Chiltons signature and recognized the handwriting of Lees adjutant, with whom he had served before the war. 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